How to Upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 Beta from 18.04 & 19.10

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS release is less than a month away. It has plenty of visual changes and several performance improvements.

If you are still using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, you’ll find Ubuntu 20.04 stunningly beautiful with its dark Yaru theme. Here’s a video showing what Ubuntu 20.04 looks like. Have a look and judge it yourself.

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Looks great, isn’t it? If you are excited about Ubuntu 20.04 and cannot wait till the final stable release on 23rd April, you can start using it even today. It’s fairly stable and it could even help Ubuntu team in testing this release.

There’s always the option to download the daily build and install it afresh. But if you are using Ubuntu 18.04 or Ubuntu 19.10, you can upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 beta from your existing system.

In this tutorial, I’ll show you the steps to upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 beta.

How to upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 beta from Ubuntu 18.04 and 19.10

Upgrade Ubuntu 20 04 Beta

Before you see the steps, let me answer some of the common questions regarding upgrading to Ubuntu beta version.

• The upgrade from one version to another is an easy process but you need to have a good internet connection that could download a couple of GBs of data at a good speed.
• Upgrading to a newer version disables the third-party repositories (PPA you added on your own). Some of these PPAs might not be available for the new version yet. You can manually enable the PPAs after upgrading.
• Having a backup of your important data on an external USB disk is always recommended. Just copy all your important files from Documents, Pictures, Music, Downloads and other places and put it on an external USB or hard disk.
• Once you have upgraded to a newer version, you cannot go back to the older version you were using. Reinstalling the older version is the only option.
• If you upgrade to the Ubuntu 20.04 beta version, you don’t need to install it again when the final stable version is released. Just update your Ubuntu system regularly and you’ll already be using the same 20.04 when it is released.
• You cannot upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 directly from Ubuntu 16.04, 17, 18, 19.04.

Alright! You know enough now. Let’s see the steps to upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 beta from Ubuntu 19.10 and 18.04.

Step 1: Make sure the settings are right

Go to Software & Updates application:

Software & Updates application in Ubuntu

In the Updates tab, check that Notify me of a new Ubuntu version is set to “Any new version” or “LTS version”:

Ubuntu Upgrade Version Settings

This may reload the Software repository cache.

Step 2: Update your system for any pending software updates

Once you have the correct settings in place, open a terminal (use Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut in Ubuntu) and use the following command to update your Ubuntu system:

sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade

The apt full-upgrade or dist-upgrade function the same as ‘apt upgrade’ but it will remove currently installed packages if this is needed to upgrade the system as a whole (i.e. a version upgrade).

Your system may ask to restart after installing updates. That’s fine. Restart and resume upgrading to beta release from step 3.

Step 3: Run update manager with development release upgrade option

Now that you have all the necessary updates installed, you can open the update manager but with -d option. The -d option tells it to look for development releases.

update-manager -d

It may take a couple of minutes before informing you that a new version of Ubuntu is available.

Availability of Ubuntu 20.04 in Ubuntu 19.10

A similar message is displayed in Ubuntu 18.04 as well:

Availability of Ubuntu 20.04 in Ubuntu 18.04

Hit the upgrade button when you see the above message.

Step 4: Start upgrading to Ubuntu 20.04 beta

The rest of the upgrade procedure is basically waiting for update downloads and clicking okay wherever requested.

Hit the upgrade button and follow the on-screen instructions.

You might be notified that all the third party sources have been disabled. At some point, it will also inform you of the packages that will be upgraded, removed etc. It will also ask if you want to keep obsolete packages or not. I prefer to remove them.

Depending on your internet speed, the upgrade may take a couple of hours. Once the upgrade process is complete, you’ll be asked to restart your system.

This video shows all the steps in action:

See, it wasn’t that difficult. Enjoy all the new features in Ubuntu 20.04.

Questions or suggestions? Feel free to leave a comment below.

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If you wonder which electric car out of the Tesla Model 3 and Model Y is more powerful, then today you’ll get your answer. Today we have will the performance variant of Tesla Model 3 and Model Y. If you have ever been to the official website of Tesla, then you know that both the […]

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How to Find Which Graphics Card do You Have in Linux?

Be it Nvidia or Radeon or Intel, they all may have some issues with Linux. When you are on your way to troubleshoot the graphics problem, the first thing you want to know is which graphics card do you have in your system.

Linux has several commands to check hardware information. You can use them to check what graphics card (also refer to as video card) do you have. Let me show you a couple of commands to get GPU information in Linux.

Check graphics card details in Linux command line

Use lspci command to find graphics card

The lspci command displays the information about devices connected through PCI (peripheral Component Interconnect) buses. Basically, this command gives you the detail about all the peripheral devices to your system from keyboard and mouse to sound, network and graphics cards.

By default, you’ll have a huge list of such peripheral devices. This is why you need to filter the output for graphics card with grep command in this manner:

lspci | grep VGA

This should show a one line information about your graphics card:

abhishek@itsfoss:~$ lspci | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 620 (rev 02)

As you can see, my system has Intel HD 620 video card.

Get detailed graphics card information with lshw command in Linux

The lspci command is good enough to see what graphics card you have but it doesn’t tell you a lot. You can use lshw command to get more information on it.

This command requires you to have root access. You need to specify that you are looking for video card (graphics card) information in this fashion:

sudo lshw -C video

And as you can see in the output below, this command gives more information on the graphics card such as clock rate, width, driver etc.

abhishek@itsfoss:~$ sudo lshw -C video
[sudo] password for abhishek: 
  *-display                 
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: HD Graphics 620
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 02
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
       resources: irq:139 memory:db000000-dbffffff memory:90000000-9fffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff

Bonus Tip: Check graphics card details graphically

It’s not that you must use the command line to find graphics card details in Linux. Most Linux distributions (or should I say desktop environments) provide essential details in the settings application.

For example, if you are using GNOME desktop environment, you can check the details by going to About section of Settings. Here’s what it looks like in Ubuntu 20.04:

Graphics card information check graphically

I hope you find this quick tip helpful. You can also use the same commands to find your network adapter and CPU information in Linux.

If you have questions or suggestions, don’t hesitate to write a comment.

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IEEE Standards Association Launches an Open Source Collaboration Platform

Brief: IEEE Standards Association has announced a GitLab-based open source collaboration platform. Read how is it different and what advantages it has.

IEEE is the world’s largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology. The IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA) is an organization within IEEE that develops global standards in a broad range of industries.

The IEEE Standards Association (SA) has come up with an open-source collaboration platform i.e IEEE SA Open.

It is technically a self-hosted GitLab instance combined with Mattermost (a slack alternative) and GitLab Pages. To describe it further, the official blog post mentioned:

The platform enables independent software developers, startups, industry, academic institutions, and others to create, test, manage, and deploy innovative projects in a collaborative, safe, and responsible environment.

How is it different or useful?

The main key attraction for this platform would be IEEE’s members’ network, technical expertise, and resources.

IEEE President, Robert Fish, also mentions in brief (during an interview with Radio Kan) how it’s different and why IEEE wanted to go with it:

Today, much of the world’s infrastructure is run by software, and that software needs to comply with standards in communications networking, electrical grids, agriculture, and the like.

It makes sense – if we want to improve standardizing technologies, it highly depends on the software. So, this definitely sounds like something to standardize innovative open-source projects to gear them up for potential capital opportunities as well.

IEEE also clarified that:

As software becomes increasingly prevalent in the world today, ethical alignment, reliability, transparency, and democratic governance become must-haves. IEEE is uniquely positioned to endow open-source projects with these attributes.

While this sounds good, what exactly the open-source platform by the IEEE offer? Let’s take a look at that:

IEEE SA Open: Quick overview

To start with, it is open to all and completely free to use. You just need to create an IEEE account and then sign in to the open-source platform to get started.

Along with the benefits associated with IEEE’s extensive network of Members, you can also expect guidance support from their open-source community managers or community members.

Ieee Gitlab

The platform presents use cases for both standard and non-standard projects, so you can give it a try.

For its choice to go with GitLab combined with Mattermost and Pages, you get a couple of useful features, they are:

• Project planning and management features
• Source code management
• Testing, code quality, and continuous integration features
• Docker container registry and Kubernetes integration
• Application release and delivery features
• Integrated Mattermost chat forum w/slash commands; (Android and iPhone apps are fully supported)
• Capable of bridging the gap between Standards development and open source communities to allow for the advancement of nimble and creative technical solutions at a faster pace
• A safe open space with an enforced code of conduct

Wrapping Up

It’s obviously a good thing to have more platforms to potentially amplify the exposure of open-source projects – hence, IEEE’s initiative sounds promising to start with.

What do you think about it? Let me know your thoughts!

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Rambox is an All-in-one Messenger for Linux

Brief: Rambox is an all-in-one messenger that lets you combine multiple services like Discord, Slack, Facebook Messenger and hundreds of more such services in one place.

Rambox: Add multiple messaging Services in a single app

Rambox is one of the best ways to manage multiple services for communication through a single app installed. You can use multiple messaging services like Facebook Messenger, Gmail chats, AOL, Discord, Google Duo, Viber and a lot more from the same interface.

This way, you don’t need to install individual apps or keep them opened in browser all the time. You can use a master password to lock the Rambox application. You can also use do not disturb feature.

Rambox offers an open source community edition which is free to use. The paid pro version gives you access to 600+ apps while the community addition has 99+ apps. Pro version has additional features like themes, hibernation, ad-block, spell check and premium support.

Don’t worry. The open source community edition itself is quite useful and you may not even need those pro features.

Features of Rambox

While you should find most of the essential features in the open-source edition, you might notice some of them limited to the pro version.

Here, I’ve mentioned all the essential features available:

• You get about 100 apps/services to choose from in the open-source edition
• Ability to protect the app with a single Master password lock
• Ability to lock each session that you load up
• Do Not Disturb mode
• Ability to sync apps and configuration across multiple devices.
• You can create and add custom apps
• Support for keyboard shortcuts
• Ability to enable/disable apps without needing to delete them
• JS & CSS injection support to tweak the styling of apps
• Ad-block (pro version)
• Hibernation support (pro version)
• Theme support (pro version)
• Mobile view (pro version)
• Spell check (pro version)
• Work hours – to schedule a time for incoming notifications (pro version)
• Proxies support (pro version)

In addition to what I’ve listed here, you might find some more features in the Rambox Pro edition. To know more about it, you can refer to the official list of features.

It is also worth noting that you cannot have more than 3 active simultaneous device connections.

Installing Rambox on Linux

You can easily get started using Rambox using the .AppImage file available on the official download page. If you’re curious, you can refer our guide on how to use the AppImage file on Linux.

In either case, you can also get it from the Snap store. Also, feel free to check their GitHub releases section for .deb / .rpm or other packages.

Download Rambox Community Edition

Wrapping Up

It can be a little overwhelming to have a lot of apps installed using Rambox. So, I’d suggest you monitor the RAM usage when adding more apps and using them for work.

There is also a similar app called Franz which is also part open source and part premium like Rambox.

Even though solutions like Rambox or Franz are quite useful, they aren’t always resource-friendly, specially if you start using tens of services at the same time. So, keep an eye on your system resources (if you notice a performance impact).

Otherwise, it’s an impressive app that does the work that you’d expect. Have you tried it out? Feel free to let me know your thoughts!

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Is PUBG PC Going To Die After Losing 500K Players In One Year?

When it comes to battle royale games, PUBG is usually the first one that comes in mind. The game has a player base from all over the world, and millions of players are still loyal to the game. However, from the past one year, the user base of PUBG PC is continuously dropping. The developers […]

The post Is PUBG PC Going To Die After Losing 500K Players In One Year? appeared first on Fossbytes.

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Microsoft Azure Cloud Consumed Beyond “Expectations”, 775% Increase In Usage

It’s not just video streaming services, the Coronavirus pandemic has put a significant load on various cloud computing services as well. Microsoft Azure has witnessed an increase in usage by over 775% in regions where social distancing and shelter-in-place orders are being enforced, the company revealed in a blog post on Saturday. Other than being home to virtual machines, the […]

The post Microsoft Azure Cloud Consumed Beyond “Expectations”, 775% Increase In Usage appeared first on Fossbytes.

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How Wheel Size Affect Efficiency And Driving In Electric Cars?

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Google April Fool’s Day Prank “Canceled” For April 1, 2020

Google April Fools jokes are a thing many people eagerly wait for every year. Most of the time, the search giant doesn’t disappoint us and comes up with something that makes us scratch our heads (or feel dumb). Unfortunately, Google’s April Fools prank won’t be a thing in 2020 for all the obvious reasons we […]

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DistroWatch Weekly, Issue 859

This week in DistroWatch Weekly: Review: Project Trident 20.02News: UBports project updates, Red Hat provides migration path from CentOS, Xubuntu presents Testing WeekQuestions and answers: Donating CPU resources to help Folding@homeReleased last week: Bodhi 5.1.0, Parrot 4.8, Univention 4.4-4Torrent corner: Alpine, Android-x86, antiX, Bodhi, EasyOS, KDE neon, LibreELEC,....

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TIL Wayfire Supports Background Window Blur in GTK Apps

Wayfire, the 3D Wayland compositor, supports a heap of blingy effects. This week I discovered it supports background blur in GNOME GTK apps like Nautilus.

This post, TIL Wayfire Supports Background Window Blur in GTK Apps is from OMG! Ubuntu!. Do not reproduce elsewhere without permission.

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Do Ubuntu’s Downstream Changes Make a Separate GNOME OS More Likely?

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This post, Do Ubuntu’s Downstream Changes Make a Separate GNOME OS More Likely? is from OMG! Ubuntu!. Do not reproduce elsewhere without permission.

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Maruti Suzuki And Hyundai Motors To Help Government Fight COVID-19

The leading automakers of the country, Maruti Suzuki and Hyundai Motors are all ready to support the government in fighting COVID-19. Maruti will be assisting in the manufacturing of ventilators on a large scale, whereas Hyundai Motors will bring more testing kits for coronavirus. Recently, there has been a 21-day lockdown in India to prevent […]

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Arcolinux - Too much, too little

I'm blue, if I was green, I would Tux. Here's a short review of Arcolinux 19.12 running the Xfce desktop environment, covering only the live session testing on a laptop with UEFI and Intel graphics, including look & feel, network connectivity - Wireless, Bluetooth, Samba sharing, printing, multimedia support - HD video and MP3 playback, responsiveness, lots of inconsistencies, some other observations, and more. Take a look.

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The post Yes, Virtual Video Game Weddings Are A Thing Now appeared first on Fossbytes.

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Best ‘Paid’ Android Games And Apps That Are ‘FREE’ Right Now

In the wake of Coronavirus pandemic and cities under lockdown, people have no choice but to stay indoors. Meanwhile, many companies have slashed prices of their paid software to incentivize people to stay at home. For instance, Apple recently announced a 90-day free trial for its video editing software Final Cut Pro X and music production suite Logic […]

The post Best ‘Paid’ Android Games And Apps That Are ‘FREE’ Right Now appeared first on Fossbytes.

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Biohackathon: GNU/Linux Debian Join Hands To Fight COVID-19

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How To Control Each Other’s PC With This Free Screen Sharing Software?

Now that millions of people are working from home to stop the spread of Coronavirus, several video conferencing apps are witnessing a sudden surge in traffic. The huge demand is also creating space for new tools to further smoothen the process of telecommuting. One such tool is Screen, which makes screen sharing easier and hassle-free. The free screen […]

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Distribution Release: antiX 19.2

Version 19.2 of antiX, a lightweight, desktop Linux distribution featuring IceWM as the default window manager, has been released. Besides the usual antiX variants, the project now also provides a separate edition with the runit init system: "antiX 19.2 bug-fix/upgrade ISO images available. All new ISO images are....

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Official Ubuntu Flavors Urges Devs To Join ‘Ubuntu Testing Week’

A large family of Ubuntu Linux desktops is ready to join Ubuntu testing week starting on April 02, 2020. On this occasion, all seven Ubuntu flavors will release their beta version for public testing before the official final stable release. In the wake of this event, Ubuntu flavors has requested the community to participate and […]

The post Official Ubuntu Flavors Urges Devs To Join ‘Ubuntu Testing Week’ appeared first on Fossbytes.

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After Shutdown In US, Tesla Resumes Production At Gigafactory Shanghai

Despite the coronavirus outbreak throughout the world and lockdown everywhere, Tesla has started the production of electric cars started at Tesla Gigafactory Shanghai. Tesla’s Gigafactory at Shanghai has started production again, with a rate of 3,000 electric vehicles per week which is higher than the usual. Back in 2019, when the Giga Shanghai just started, […]

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7 Best Image Hosting Sites For 2020: Free And Paid

Just like YouTube is for videos, there are many free images hosting sites that let you upload images and easily share them online. Typically, an image hosting site is a little different from websites that let you download stock images for free. That’s because here you can upload your own creations on its servers and […]

The post 7 Best Image Hosting Sites For 2020: Free And Paid appeared first on Fossbytes.

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The Keyring Concept in Ubuntu: What is It and How to Use it?

If you use automatic login in Ubuntu or other Linux distributions, you might have come across a pop-up message of this sort:

Enter password to unlock your login keyring
The login keyring did not get unlocked when you logged into your computer.

Enter Password To Unlock Your Login Keyring Ubuntu

It keeps on popping up several times before disappearing if you keep on clicking cancel. You may wonder why do you keep seeing this keyring message all the time?

Let me tell you something. It’s not an error. It’s a security feature.

Surprised? Let me explain the keyring concept in Linux.

What is keyring in Linux and why is it used?

Why do you use a keyring (also called keychain) in the real life? You use it to keep one or more keys grouped together so that they are easy to find and carry.

It’s the same concept in Linux. The keyring feature allows your system to group various passwords together and keep it one place.

Most desktop environments like GNOME, KDE, Xfce etc use an implementation of gnome-keyring to provide this keyring feature in Linux.

This keyring keeps your ssh keys, GPG keys and keys from applications that use this feature, like Chromium browser. By default, the keyring is locked with a master password which is often the login password of the account.

Every user on your system has its own keyring with (usually) the same password as that of the user account itself. When you login to your system with your password, your keyring is unlocked automatically with your account’s password.

The problem comes when you switch to auto-login in Ubuntu. This means that you login to the system without entering the password. In such case, your keyring is not unlocked automatically.

Keyring is a security feature

Remember I told you that the keyring was a security feature? Now imagine that on your Linux desktop, you are using auto-login. Anyone with access to your desktop can enter the system without password but you have no issues with that perhaps because you use it to browse internet only.

But if you use a browser like Chromium or Google Chrome in Ubuntu, and use it to save your login-password for various websites, you have an issue on your hand. Anyone can use the browser and login to the websites for which you have saved password in your browser. That’s risky, isn’t it?

This is why when you try to use Chrome, it will ask you to unlock the keyring repeatedly. This ensures that only the person who knows the keyring’s password (i.e. the account password) can use the saved password in browser for logging in to their respective websites.

If you keep on cancelling the prompt for keyring unlock, it will eventually go away and let you use the browser. However, the saved password won’t be unlocked and you’ll see ‘sync paused’ in Chromium/Chrome browsers.

Sync paused in Google Chrome

If this keyring always exited, why you never saw it?

That’s a valid question if you have never seen this keyring thing in your Linux system.

If you never used automatic login (or changed your account’s password), you might not even have realized that this feature exists.

This is because when you login to your system with your password, your keyring is unlocked automatically with your account’s password.

Ubuntu (and other distributions) asks for password for common admin tasks like modifying users, installing new software etc irrespective of whether you auto login or not. But for regular tasks like using a browser, it doesn’t ask for password because keyring is already unlocked.

When you switch to automatic login, you don’t enter the password for login anymore. This means that the keyring is not unlocked and hence when you try to use a browser which uses the keyring feature, it will ask to unlock the keyring.

You can easily manage the keyring and passwords

Where is this keyring located? At the core, it’s a daemon (a program that runs automatically in the background).

Don’t worry. You don’t have to ‘fight the daemon’ in the terminal. Most desktop environments come with a graphical application that interacts with this daemon. On KDE, there is KDE Wallet, on GNOME and others, it’s called Password and Keys (originally known as Seahorse).

Password And Keys App in Ubuntu

You can use this GUI application to see what application use the keyring to manage/lock passwords.

As you can see, my system has the login keyring which is automatically created. There is also a keyrings for storing GPG and SSH keys. The Certificates is for keeping the certificates (like HTTPS certificates) issued by a certificate authority.

Password and Keys application in Ubuntu

You can also use this application to manually store passwords for website. For example, I created a new password-protected keyring called ‘Test’ and stored a password in this keyring manually.

This is slightly better than keeping a list of passwords in a text file. At least in this case your passwords can be viewed only when you unlock the keyring with password.

Saving New Password Seahorse

One potential problem here is that if you format your system, the manually saved passwords are definitely lost. Normally, you make backup of personal files, not of all the user specific data such as keyring files.

There is way to handle that. The keyring data is usually stored in ~/.local/share/keyrings directory. You can see all the keyrings here but you cannot see its content directly. If you remove the password of the keyring (I’ll show the steps in later section of this article), you can read the content of the keyring like a regular text file. You can copy this unlocked keyring file entirely and import it in the Password and Keys application on some other Linux computer (running this application).

So, let me summarize what you have learned so far:

• Most Linux has this ‘keyring feature’ installed and activated by default
• Each user on a system has its own keyring
• The keyring is normally locked with the account’s password
• Keyring is unlocked automatically when you login with your password
• For auto-login, the keyring is not unlocked and hence you are asked to unlock it when you try to use an application that uses keyring
• Not all browsers or application use the keyring feature
• There is a GUI application installed to interact with keyring
• You can use the keyring to manually store passwords in encrypted format
• You can change the keyring password on your own
• You can export (by unlocking the keyring first) and import it on some other computer to get your manually saved passwords

Change keyring password

Suppose you changed your account password. Now when you login, your system tries to unlock the keyring automatically using the new login password. But the keyring still uses the old login password.

In such a case, you can change the keyring password to the new login password so that the keyring gets unlocked automatically as soon as you login to your system.

Open the Password and Keys application from the menu:

Look for Password and Keys app in the menu

Now, right click on the Login keyring and click on Change Password:

Change Keyring Password

What if you don’t remember the old login password?

You probably know that it is easy to reset forgotten password in Ubuntu. The problem comes with the keyring in such cases. You changed the account password but you don’t remember the old account password that is still used by the keyring.

Now you cannot change it because you don’t know the old password. What to do now?

In such a case, you’ll have to remove the entire keyring itself. You can do that from the Passwords and Keys application:

Delete Keyring Ubuntu

It will ask for your confirmation:

Delete Keyring

Alternatively, you may also manually delete the keyring files in ~/.local/share/keyrings directory.

When the old keyring is removed and you try to use Chrome/Chromium, it will ask you to create new keyring.

New Keyring Password

You can use the new login password so that the keyring gets unlocked automatically.

Disable keyring password

In cases where you want to use automatic login but don’t want to unlockk keyring manually, you may choose to disable the keyring with a workaround. Keep in mind that you are disabling a security feature so think twice before doing so.

The process is similar to changing keyring password. Open Password and Keys application and go on to change the keyring password.

The trick is that when it asks to change the password, don’t enter a new password and hit Continue instead. This will remove any password from the keyring.

Disable Keyring password by not setting any password at all

This way, the keyring will have no password and it remains unlocked all the time.

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